Some common international standards for safe use of electric heaters
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EU CE certification standards
Electrical safety: The electrical part of the electric heater must comply with the Low Voltage Directive (LVD), including strict requirements on insulation, voltage resistance, grounding, etc., to ensure the safety of electrical use and prevent dangerous situations such as electric shock to users12.
Temperature control and overheating protection: It should be equipped with effective temperature control and overheating protection devices to prevent the electric heater from causing fire or other safety accidents due to overheating. When the temperature exceeds the set safety range, the protection device must be able to cut off the power supply in time12.
Mechanical safety: The mechanical parts and structures must be strong and stable enough to prevent accidents such as accidental tipping and touching hot surfaces. For example, the outer shell of the heater should have a certain strength and will not break or damage during normal use or minor collisions12.
Hot surface temperature limit: The temperature of the outer surface of the electric heater must meet the prescribed safety limits to prevent users from being burned by contact with overheated surfaces2.
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC): The electromagnetic compatibility directive must be met to ensure that the electric heater does not interfere with the normal operation of other equipment during normal use, and the heater itself is not affected by external electromagnetic interference123.
Material safety: The materials used must meet environmental protection requirements and limit the use of hazardous substances, such as complying with the RoHS directive to prevent the release of harmful substances from materials that harm the human body and the environment12.
Instructions and markings: The product must be accompanied by a clear and concise user manual that describes in detail the correct use method, safety warnings, and maintenance guidelines. In addition, specific signs and warnings must be marked on the product to remind users of relevant safety matters12.
US UL certification standards
Electrical performance: There are strict requirements for the electrical insulation, grounding continuity, leakage current and other electrical performance indicators of the electric heater to ensure the electrical safety of the product under normal use and abnormal conditions, and prevent accidents such as fire and electric shock caused by electrical failures.
Temperature characteristics: It is necessary to evaluate the temperature distribution and temperature rise characteristics of the electric heater under different working conditions, as well as the effectiveness of the overheating protection device, to prevent safety hazards caused by overheating, and to ensure the safety of users and the reliability of the product.
Mechanical strength and stability: Assess the mechanical properties of the electric heater, such as the shell strength and structural stability, to ensure that the product can withstand certain external force impacts during normal use, transportation and storage, and will not break, deform or tip over, thereby avoiding harm to users.
Material flame retardancy: The materials used in the electric heater are required to have certain flame retardant properties, which can slow down the spread of fire and reduce the risk of fire in the event of a failure or abnormally high temperature, providing users with more safety protection.
Protection device reliability: Strict testing and evaluation are carried out on various protection devices of the electric heater, such as overload protection and tipping protection, to ensure that these protection devices can accurately operate when needed and effectively protect the safety of users and products.
Japan PSE certification standard
Mandatory certification classification: According to Japan's "Electrical Product Safety Law", electric heaters belong to the category of products that require PSE certification. Among them, some electric heaters with greater hazards are classified as "specific electrical products" and need to obtain the diamond-shaped PSE mark; while those with less hazards are classified as "non-specific electrical products" and need to obtain the circular PSE mark.
Safety requirements: Covers requirements in many aspects such as electrical safety, mechanical safety, and thermal safety. It is similar to the EU CE certification and the US UL certification, but may differ in specific test methods and standard details. For example, there are strict regulations on the specifications of the power cord and the shape of the plug of the electric heater to ensure the safety of the product in the Japanese market.
Electrical safety: The electrical part of the electric heater must comply with the Low Voltage Directive (LVD), including strict requirements on insulation, voltage resistance, grounding, etc., to ensure the safety of electrical use and prevent dangerous situations such as electric shock to users12.
Temperature control and overheating protection: It should be equipped with effective temperature control and overheating protection devices to prevent the electric heater from causing fire or other safety accidents due to overheating. When the temperature exceeds the set safety range, the protection device must be able to cut off the power supply in time12.
Mechanical safety: The mechanical parts and structures must be strong and stable enough to prevent accidents such as accidental tipping and touching hot surfaces. For example, the outer shell of the heater should have a certain strength and will not break or damage during normal use or minor collisions12.
Hot surface temperature limit: The temperature of the outer surface of the electric heater must meet the prescribed safety limits to prevent users from being burned by contact with overheated surfaces2.
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC): The electromagnetic compatibility directive must be met to ensure that the electric heater does not interfere with the normal operation of other equipment during normal use, and the heater itself is not affected by external electromagnetic interference123.
Material safety: The materials used must meet environmental protection requirements and limit the use of hazardous substances, such as complying with the RoHS directive to prevent the release of harmful substances from materials that harm the human body and the environment12.
Instructions and markings: The product must be accompanied by a clear and concise user manual that describes in detail the correct use method, safety warnings, and maintenance guidelines. In addition, specific signs and warnings must be marked on the product to remind users of relevant safety matters12.
US UL certification standards
Electrical performance: There are strict requirements for the electrical insulation, grounding continuity, leakage current and other electrical performance indicators of the electric heater to ensure the electrical safety of the product under normal use and abnormal conditions, and prevent accidents such as fire and electric shock caused by electrical failures.
Temperature characteristics: It is necessary to evaluate the temperature distribution and temperature rise characteristics of the electric heater under different working conditions, as well as the effectiveness of the overheating protection device, to prevent safety hazards caused by overheating, and to ensure the safety of users and the reliability of the product.
Mechanical strength and stability: Assess the mechanical properties of the electric heater, such as the shell strength and structural stability, to ensure that the product can withstand certain external force impacts during normal use, transportation and storage, and will not break, deform or tip over, thereby avoiding harm to users.
Material flame retardancy: The materials used in the electric heater are required to have certain flame retardant properties, which can slow down the spread of fire and reduce the risk of fire in the event of a failure or abnormally high temperature, providing users with more safety protection.
Protection device reliability: Strict testing and evaluation are carried out on various protection devices of the electric heater, such as overload protection and tipping protection, to ensure that these protection devices can accurately operate when needed and effectively protect the safety of users and products.
Japan PSE certification standard
Mandatory certification classification: According to Japan's "Electrical Product Safety Law", electric heaters belong to the category of products that require PSE certification. Among them, some electric heaters with greater hazards are classified as "specific electrical products" and need to obtain the diamond-shaped PSE mark; while those with less hazards are classified as "non-specific electrical products" and need to obtain the circular PSE mark.
Safety requirements: Covers requirements in many aspects such as electrical safety, mechanical safety, and thermal safety. It is similar to the EU CE certification and the US UL certification, but may differ in specific test methods and standard details. For example, there are strict regulations on the specifications of the power cord and the shape of the plug of the electric heater to ensure the safety of the product in the Japanese market.